By Will Poli
Purpose / noun /
The reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists.
Meaning / noun /
What is meant by a word, text, concept or action
(sources: Oxford Dictionary)
My life matters. My life is important. My life has purpose. My life has meaning. And so does everyone else’s.
If every man, woman and child could recite these words and believe them to be true, I surmise that most of the world’s problems would fix themselves. Lofty idea? Perhaps. But having a deep sense of purpose and meaning has been linked to having a better life both physically and mentally. Having a world fit with mentally, physically and emotionally strong people is never a bad thing. But where does humanity’s desire to have purpose and meaning come from?
Ancient Idea of Purpose and Meaning - Eudaimonia
Long before modern psychology, ancient civilizations across the world were asking the same question: what makes a life worth living?
How to live a ‘good life’ is not some new age trend. Philosophers and spiritual teachers have been talking about this topic for millenia.
Aristotle (384–322 BCE), an ancient Greek philosopher, was one of the first thinkers to deeply explore what it means to live a good and meaningful life.
He is often credited with shaping the idea of eudaimonia, which sits at the center of how he thought about a life well-lived. It’s one of the earliest philosophical frameworks for understanding purpose and meaning. While the word existed before him, Aristotle gave it real structure, describing it as living in alignment with virtue and reason. Today we might call this human flourishing. The word itself comes from eu (good or well) and daimon (spirit), pointing to the idea of living in a way that expresses your highest self.
What’s important is this: eudaimonia isn’t about chasing happiness as a feeling. It’s not about pleasure or temporary highs. Aristotle saw it as something much deeper. It’s actually the ultimate aim of life built through how you live, the choices you make, and the character you develop over time. It’s a kind of “moral fulfillment,” where meaning comes from acting in alignment with your values and potential, not just feeling good in the moment.
Logotherapy, Viktor Frankl and Man’s Search for Meaning
Logotherapy is derived from the Greek word logos ("meaning") and therapeia ("treatment" or "healing"). Coined by Austrian psychiatrist Viktor Frankl in 1938, it literally translates to "meaning-therapy," representing healing through finding purpose. Frankl, a Holocaust survivor, designed it to mean treating mental illness by finding meaning in life.
Many of Frankl's ideas were shaped by his experiences in Nazi concentration camps during World War II. While observing fellow prisoners, Frankl noticed that those who were able to hold onto a sense of meaning (love, faith, or some future goal) were more resilient in the face of this extreme suffering. After the war, he developed logotherapy as a therapeutic approach rooted in this insight, most famously sharing his ideas in Man’s Search for Meaning.
Logotherapy’s approach is centered on the idea that the primary human drive is the search for meaning. Rather than focusing mainly on pleasure (as in Freud’s model) or power (as in Adler’s), logotherapy teaches that people are most fulfilled when they find purpose in their lives. This can be through their work, their relationships, or even through adversity. At its core, it suggests that meaning is not something we invent, but something we discover in each moment, and that our psychological well-being depends on our ability to recognize and respond to it.
In 1991, Man’s Search for Meaning was listed as “one of the ten most influential books in the U.S.” by the Library of Congress.
“Life is never made unbearable by circumstances, but only by lack of meaning and purpose.”
Viktor Frankl
Existential Psychology
Existentialism is the philosophical exploration of existential issues or questions about our existence that we don’t have an easy answer for. We all suffer from anxiety, despair, grief and loneliness at times in our lives and Existential Psychotherapy tries to understand what life and humanity are about.
Irvin Yalom is one of the most influential modern voices in Existential Psychotherapy, known for making deep philosophical ideas practical, human, and usable in real therapy. His approach centers on the belief that many psychological struggles are rooted in four core existential realities…what he called the “givens of existence” or ultimate concerns:
Death → the awareness that life is finite
Freedom → the responsibility to choose and create our lives
Isolation → the fact that we are ultimately alone in our experience
Meaninglessness → the challenge of creating or discovering meaning
Rather than avoiding these realities, Yalom believed that facing them directly is what leads to growth, depth, and a more authentic life.
Yalom would argue that meaning is something you neatly “find” once and for all. In his view, life doesn’t come with built-in meaning but rather you create it through how you live, choose, and relate. The anxiety people feel around meaninglessness isn’t a problem to eliminate but rather it’s a signal. It’s life asking you to engage more honestly, to stop drifting, and to take responsibility for how you’re living.
Yalom would also point you toward a few key paths: investing deeply in relationships, committing to work or causes that matter to you, expressing creativity, and showing up fully in your own life rather than avoiding it. Meaning grows out of connection, contribution, and being present.
Positive Psychology and PERMA™ Theory
Positive psychology is the scientific study of what makes life most worth living, focusing on human strengths and flourishing rather than just treating mental illness. Developed by Dr. Martin Seligman, the PERMA model represents five core elements of well-being:
Positive Emotion
Engagement
Relationships
Meaning
Accomplishment.
While each plays an important role, the “M” for Meaning is what gives the others depth and direction. Meaning often shows up in life when you feel connected to something beyond yourself whether that’s contributing to others, being part of a community, pursuing a cause, or living in alignment with your values. It’s the difference between simply doing things and feeling that what you’re doing actually matters. Basically you believe you are spending your time in a worthy cause.
To cultivate meaning, you don't necessarily need a grand mission. You don’t have to “save the world.” You just need intentional connection. You can start by asking: Who or what am I serving through this? Where do I feel useful, connected, or aligned?
Having Purpose is HUGE in Japan - Finding Your Ikigai
Ikigai is a Japanese word often described as a “reason for being,” but it’s less about finding one grand life purpose and more about living in a way that feels meaningful and aligned. It sits at the intersection of what you love, what you’re good at, what the world needs, and what can sustain you, creating a sense of both contribution and fulfillment. In its traditional sense, ikigai is often found in simple, everyday experiences like showing up for others, practicing a craft, or engaging fully in daily life.
While ikigai is real in Japan, it is often misunderstood by the West as a career optimization tool. In Japan, it is a deeply personal concept of finding joy in everyday life, often found in small pleasures, relationships, and hobbies rather than solely in professional success.
If you are interested in finding purpose and meaning in your work, the Ikigai 4-question exercise is a simple but powerful way to explore where purpose and meaning may already exist in your life, and how you can dedicate your life to work that gives you meaning.
It starts by asking you to reflect on four key areas:
What do I love?
What am I good at?
What does the world need?
What can I be paid for?
The goal isn’t to force one perfect answer, but to honestly list ideas under each category and begin to notice patterns, overlaps, and gaps.
As you review your answers, you look for where two, three, or all four areas intersect. Those intersections often point toward activities or directions that feel both meaningful and sustainable. You might discover that something you love and are good at isn’t currently serving others, or that something valuable in the world doesn’t yet align with your strengths. The exercise isn’t about instant clarity, but it is about increasing your awareness and helping you move toward a life where what you do feels aligned with who you are and what matters.
The Venn diagram below was created by American entrepreneur Marc Winn to illustrate the concept of ikigai (with the four categories of “what you love,” “what the world needs,” “what you can be paid for,” and “what you are good at”) can help you find your ikigai if used as a basis to sort out your thoughts. “For example, if you love to cook and are good at it, ‘cooking’ could fulfill the categories of ‘what the world needs’ and ‘what you can be paid for.’ Your aim could be a modest one, such as catering a friend’s party, or bringing smiles to the faces of those who have enjoyed your food. Though it may be difficult to fulfill all four categories, by keeping them in mind, you can make your ikigai even more fulfilling.”
(Source: Ikigai: The Japanese Secret to a Joyful Life (Kizuna, March 18, 2022))
“The two most important days in your life are the day you are born and the day you find out why.”
Mark Twain
Near Death Experiences
After a near-death experience (NDE), survivors often experience profound, lasting life changes, including a complete loss of fear regarding death, heightened empathy, reduced materialism, and an increased sense of purpose.
People often gain immediate clarity about what truly matters. This confrontation with mortality strips away distractions like status, ego, and trivial concerns, leaving behind a sharper focus on relationships, love, contribution, and time. This creates a powerful perspective shift where people stop living on autopilot and begin to live more intentionally, often feeling as though they’ve been given another chance. Along with this comes a heightened sense of gratitude and aliveness, where even simple, everyday moments feel meaningful because awareness has deepened.
At the same time, fear of death often decreases, which frees people to take more meaningful risks and prioritize significance over safety. Their previous identity may no longer feel aligned, creating space to rebuild their life around deeper values and purpose. This process is often described as post-traumatic growth, where individuals develop a stronger appreciation for life, deeper relationships, and a clearer sense of direction. Ultimately, the experience compresses a truth many avoid: life is finite. When that knowledge becomes truly known, people naturally begin to live with greater meaning and purpose
I am not inviting you to have a near death experience but I am asking you to think of your own morality. None of us are getting out of this thing alive, so maybe you should do some of that living stuff.
“We have two lives, and the second begins when we realize we only have one.”
― Confucius
Laying Bricks
In the parable of the three bricklayers which has many different variations we explore the theme of purpose and meaning through three men.
Here is the simple story:
After the great fire of 1666 in London, architect Christopher Wren was tasked with rebuilding St. Paul’s Cathedral. The story goes that he observed three bricklayers working on a scaffold. When asked what they were doing, their responses varied greatly:
A man walked by and observed three bricklayers working - all laying bricks to build a new church.
The man asked each of them, “What are you doing?”
The first bricklayer replied, “I’m a bricklayer. I’m working hard laying bricks to feed my family.”
The second bricklayer replied, “I’m a builder. I’m building a wall.”
But the third bricklayer, the most productive of the three replied with a smile and said, “I’m a cathedral builder. I’m building a great cathedral to The Almighty.”
All three men are doing the exact same task. But they are living in completely different realities.
The first and second see bricklaying as a task, job, or a means to an end. The third sees a purpose and meaning.
Same work. Different perspectives. An entirely different experience for each man.
The only difference between the three men was the lens through which they see the world. We all have the ability to do this cognitive reframing in everything we do.
What Can You Do?
While having a specific purpose like being an astronaut, running a charity, or being a stay at home mom are great choices for your purpose…meaning can come from anything you do if you mean it. It might take some practice. But it’s worth it. Think of it as an inquiry or an investigation. It’s about getting very honest and very curious. Through trial and error, prayer, meditation, and just plain old ‘keeping your eyes open’ you can find your purpose.
You were born with gifts. You have values. You have strengths. And you have passions. Use them all to find purpose and meaning in your life. This has the potential to make you and the world even more beautiful than it already is.